ArticleDiscover oncology2025
A pan-cancer analysis of CTSC as a candidate prognostic and immune-related biomarker.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting Cathepsin C in Cancer Metastasis: Protease Network Activation, Inflammatory Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Lysosome-Cathepsin Axis in Pancreatic Cancer: Mechanisms of Stromal Remodeling, Immune Evasion, and Therapy Resistance.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Lysosomal checkpoints in renal autoimmunity: from antigen processing to metabolic-immune crosstalk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCathepsin C (CTSC) is a lysosomal protease involved in immune regulation and inflammatory responses, with emerging roles in tumor progression and microenvironment remodeling. Although CTSC dysregulation has been observed in several cancers, its pan-cancer significance, immune-related functions, and clinical relevance remain poorly characterized.
methodsWe conducted an integrated multi-omics analysis using data from TCGA, GTEx, CPTAC, cBioPortal, HPA, and other public databases. We evaluated CTSC expression patterns, prognostic value, immune infiltration, epigenetic regulation, mutation profiles, and drug sensitivity across diverse cancer types. Analytical methods included survival analysis, functional enrichment, immune correlation assays, and single-cell sequencing.
resultsCTSC was widely expressed and significantly dysregulated in multiple cancers. High CTSC expression correlated with poor prognosis in 10 cancer types and was linked to advanced tumor stage. CTSC expression was associated with immune checkpoint genes, infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and γδ T cells, indicating a dual role in both promoting and suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, CTSC expression correlated with DNA hypermethylation, RNA methylation regulators, TMB, and MSI. Drug sensitivity analysis suggested that high CTSC expression may enhance response to certain anti-cancer agents.
conclusionOur study underscores the multifaceted role of CTSC in tumor immunity and progression, supporting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target across cancer types. These findings provide a foundation for further mechanistic and clinical investigation into CTSC-targeted strategies.
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