ArticleNPJ vaccines2025
Effect of retirement on COVID-19 vaccination in Europe: a quasi-experimental study.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Willingness and influencing factors of herpes zoster vaccination intention among Chinese residents: a study based on framing effects.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigates how the transition to retirement influenced the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Europe. We employed a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design to assess the impact of retirement on COVID-19 vaccination, accounting for unobserved confounding and controlling for factors such as subjective health status, age, vaccination for other diseases, medication use, cancer diagnosis, and internet use. We used individual-level data from the Corona Surveys of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), conducted in 2020 and 2021. Our outcomes were binary indicators capturing whether the respondents were either vaccinated or expressed the intention to get vaccinated. The independent variable of interest was retirement status, which is instrumented using age eligibility for pension benefits as discontinuous policy threshold in a fuzzy regression discontinuity design. Estimates indicated that retirement was associated with a decline in COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Specifically, retirees were less inclined to get vaccinated compared to individuals of similar age who had not yet retired. The estimates remained robust to different model specifications and falsification tests. Changes in the frequency of social contacts following retirement could offer a plausible explanation for the observed relationship. Given that retirees may have fewer social interactions and, as a result, reduced exposure to potential health risks, they might have viewed social isolation as a potential substitute for COVID-19 vaccination.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.