ArticleLife science alliance2026
Müller cell glutamine metabolism links photoreceptor and endothelial injury in diabetic retinopathy.
Article in Life science alliance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Huwang Mingmu decoction protects retinal neurons in early diabetic retinopathy by suppressing the IL-1β-c-Jun-GS pathway: an in vivo and in vitro study.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Eyedrop Administration of DPP-4 Inhibitors: A New Strategy for Treating Early Stages of Diabetic Retinal Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy: from pathogenic mechanisms to translational prospects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals pathogenic cell heterogeneity and candidate inflammatory-associated markers in STZ-induced diabetic mouse retina.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- "Age is associated with Achilles tendon thickness in older adults: an ultrasound case-control study with intra-observer reliability".Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We characterized the timeline of molecular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic retinal disease (DRD) by studying the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse retina over the course of 6 mo of diabetes. We performed bulk RNA-Seq on endothelial and retinal cells, separately, at 1, 3, and 6 mo of diabetes and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) at 3 months. Transcriptomics changes were validated by in vitro and ex vivo assays and immunohistochemistry of mouse and human tissue. Bulk RNA-Seq revealed inflammation in endothelial cells at 1 mo. At 3 mo, scRNA-Seq identified glutamine-driven anaplerotic dysfunction in Müller cells, confirmed by retinal culture. We posited this glutamine deficiency would impact the photoreceptors and endothelial cells. We validated this hypothesis using endothelial cells in vitro, and immunohistochemistry of disrupted photoreceptor ribbon synapses in mouse and human diabetic retinas. In addition, glutamine deprivation increased the expression of apoptotic genes in endothelial cells. At 6 mo, we observed significant down-regulation of angiogenic pathways and elevated profibrotic markers. Our results suggest that dysfunction of the metabolic ecosystem linking the Müller-photoreceptor-endothelial cells is central to the early stages of DRD pathogenesis, impacting photoreceptor synapses and endothelial cells, before the appearance of the classic microvascular features of DR.
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