ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2026
Preclinical assessment of genetically modified exosomes for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The evolving landscape of enzymatic technologies for precision synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Decoding the role of exosomes in bladder cancer: focusing on tumor progression and immune microenvironment modulation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) claims nearly one million lives every year worldwide. Current treatments for CRC suffer from limited efficacy and developed resistance. Exosomes are cell-derived membranous vesicles, characterized by unique properties for drug discovery. We previously designed genetically engineered multifunctional immune-modulating exosomes (GEMINI-Exos) with surface-displayed antibodies against T-cell CD3 and cancer-associated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antigens as well as programmed death 1 receptors and OX40 ligands. Here, GEMINI-Exos were evaluated in cellular and animal models of CRC. By recruiting and activating cytotoxic T cells toward attacking EGFR-positive CRC cells and subsequently engaging with distinct checkpoint pathways, GEMINI-Exos elicit robust cellular immunity to CRC tumors in vitro and in vivo. This work presents GEMINI-Exos as an immunotherapeutic candidate with promising preclinical activity for CRC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.