Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41265548›Full record

ArticleNanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine2026

Evaluation of sources of variability in a nitric oxide screening assay for engineered nanomaterials.

Tariq Fahmi, Robert Gutierrez, Ana C Barrios, Tae Joon Cho, John T Elliott, Sanghamitra Majumdar, Bryant C Nelson, Aaron C Johnston-Peck, Alessandro Tona, Anil K Patri and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Tariq FahmiNanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
Robert GutierrezBiosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
Ana C BarriosBiosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
Tae Joon ChoMaterials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
John T ElliottBiosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
Sanghamitra MajumdarNanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
Bryant C NelsonBiosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
Aaron C Johnston-PeckMaterials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
Alessandro TonaBiosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
Anil K PatriNanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA. Electronic address: anil.patri@fda.hhs.gov.
Elijah J PetersenBiosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA. Electronic address: elijah.petersen@nist.gov.

Funding

Intramural FDA HHS FD999999National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/Division of Translational Toxicology and the Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Assays to detect potential biocompatibility issues can play a key role in supporting the development of new technologies such as medical products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). A consensus test method standard on nitric oxide production after cellular ENM exposure was developed and published through ASTM International. In this paper, we describe an evaluation of sources of variability in this method. A significant challenge is ensuring that the protocol contains the necessary control measurements to account for potential issues when testing ENMs. Protocol testing was conducted during draft standard development and post-publication to better understand potential sources of variability such as the impact of insufficient removal of the ENM, the number of cells seeded, the selection of positive control compounds, and the culture techniques of the cells prior to the experiments. Several in-process control measurements were used to monitor the performance of intermediate steps in the assay procedure. Two gold nanoparticles with different surface coatings and nano-sized polystyrene particles were used to demonstrate the applicability of some of the control measurements. This testing revealed which sources of variability were more likely to have a significant impact on the overall assay uncertainty and confirmed the key importance of certain control measurements. These results could also support the standardization of other ENM-related in vitro methods that share similarities in their protocols with the method investigated here. The further development of this method can also support its use to evaluate the potential for substances other than ENMs to induce nitric oxide production.

Indexed as

Metal NanoparticlesNanostructuresNitric OxideAnimalsGoldHumansMaterials TestingPolystyrenesGoldNitric OxidePolystyrenes

Identifiers

PMID41265548
PMCPMC12707023

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.