ArticleActa parasitologica2025
Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Naturally Infected sheep, cow, and buffalo Milk.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A comprehensive review of bacterial and hemoparasitic diseases in the water buffalo.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionToxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the family Sarcocystidae. Toxoplasma gondii is a significant zoonotic pathogen responsible for abortion and congenital infections in both humans and animals worldwide. Transmission to humans occurs through ingestion of tissue cysts (bradyzoites) in raw or undercooked meat, oocysts in felid faeces, transplacental transmission from infected mothers, or consumption of milk containing tachyzoites. Neospora caninum is a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle, manifesting as abortion, stillbirth, infertility, early foetal death, and decreased milk production. The parasite has been identified as a leading cause of bovine abortions, particularly in European dairy herds. Although N. caninum is not definitively proven to be zoonotic, its close phylogenetic and biological relationship with T. gondii raises concerns about potential human infection risk that warrant investigation. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study investigated the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum DNA in milk samples from dairy animals in Samsun province, Turkey. Between September 2022 and June 2024, raw milk samples (10 ml) were collected from cattle (n = 107), sheep (n = 100), and buffaloes (n = 100) at various local dairies. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed using Tox4-Tox5 and Np6-Np21 primer pairs for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively.
resultsToxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in 21% (21/100) of buffalo, 19% (19/100) of sheep, and 14.95% (16/107) of cattle milk samples. Neospora caninum DNA was found in 16% (16/100) of sheep, 13.8% (14/107) of cattle, and 12% (12/100) of buffalo milk samples. These findings indicate a substantial prevalence of both parasites in raw milk intended for human consumption in the region.
conclusionGiven the potential viability of tachyzoites in unpasteurised milk and dairy products, consumption of raw milk may represent a significant risk factor for human infection with T. gondii and possibly N. caninum. Further comprehensive and systematic studies are needed to better characterize the public health risks associated with these parasites in raw milk and dairy products.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41264147What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.