SynthesisOdontology2026
A systematic review on influence of printing layer thickness on the marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses.
Synthesis in Odontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- 3D-printing for zirconia abutment manufacturing and screw access hole effect: fatigue behavior of milled zirconia simplified restorations.Odontology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of sandblasting on Shear Bond Strength of 3D Printed Denture Base to conventional and Milled Denture Teeth.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the marginal and internal fit of endocrown restorations fabricated by the CAD/CAM system using additive manufacturing technique.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Advanced biomimetic mineralization approaches for enamel and dentin regeneration: a review.Odontology · 2026Review
- A Review of Current Systems, Materials, and Protocols for 3D-Printed Splints, Crowns, and Dentures.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Green-Synthesized titanium dioxide Nanoparticle-Modified glass ionomer cement: in vitro and in Silico assessment of Mechanical, Physical, and safety properties performance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to systematically review the effect of printing layer thickness and build orientation on the marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to August 2025 following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024591005). Comparative studies assessing the impact of layer thickness on marginal gap (MG), internal gap (IG), or absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD) of 3D-printed FDPs and crowns were included. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified CONSORT tool. Thirteen in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria. Thinner layers (20-50 μm), particularly at 50 μm, improved marginal and internal fit compared to thicker layers (100 μm). Intermediate build orientations (45°-60°) minimized discrepancies, while extreme orientations (0° and 90°) increased stair-stepping effects. Marginal gap values generally ranged from 40 to 120 μm, within clinical acceptability. Subtractive (milled) restorations consistently showed superior fit compared to additive manufacturing. Layer thickness and build orientation significantly influence the fit of 3D-printed FDPs. A layer thickness of 50 μm at intermediate build orientations (45°-60°) provides the best adaptation. Milling remains the gold standard for precision, although optimized 3D-printing parameters can achieve clinically acceptable accuracy. Optimizing 3D-printing parameters-especially using 50 μm layer thickness with intermediate build orientations-enhances the marginal and internal precision of FDPs. While 3D printing is suitable for provisional restorations, milled prostheses remain preferable for definitive restorations requiring the highest accuracy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.