ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2026
Depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in Spanish children and adolescents: estimated rates and comorbidity patterns.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mental health of children and adolescents is a critical concern, as a significant proportion of internalizing disorders emerge early in life, highlighting the importance of timely identification and intervention. However, recent data on the prevalence and comorbidity of these disorders among Spanish youth remain scarce. This study aims to examine the estimated rates and comorbidity patterns of internalizing symptoms -including depression, generalized (GAD) and social anxiety, somatic complaints, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and eating behavior problems- in a nationwide sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 5,450 participants aged 9 to 16 completed the Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes. Results show that 10.4% of children and 14% of adolescents exhibited clinically significant symptoms of at least one disorder. In children, the most common were depression (4.7%), social anxiety (3.6%), and GAD (3.4%); while in adolescents, OCD (4.5%), eating behavior problems (4.3%), and depression (4.0%) prevailed, indicating that, while the estimated rate of certain clinically significant symptoms has increased compared to pre-pandemic data, rates remain lower than what observed during COVID-19. However, some symptoms still require attention due to their potential impact on well-being. Comorbidity patterns reveal a strong presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms with other internalizing disorders, such as GAD, PTSD, and somatic complaints. Moreover, across several domains, the presence of clinically significant symptoms of one disorder increases the risk of also presenting another. These findings emphasize the need for strengthening mental health services, promoting early detection strategies and implementing targeted interventions within public health and educational settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.