ArticleBMJ open2025
Epidemiology of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in Lithuania, 2012-2021: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the incidence, prevalence and mortality of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) in Lithuania.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingLithuanian National Health Insurance Fund and Causes of Death registries, covering 1 January 2012 through 31 December 2021.
participantsPatients were identified from national healthcare registries in Lithuania. The following inclusion criteria were applied: 1) diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (diagnosis codes M30.1, M31.3 and M31.7, according to International Classification of Diseases 10 OUTCOME MEASURES: Data for the analysis included sex, age, ICD-10 code of AAV, the first date of AAV diagnosis and date of death. The study period was subdivided into periods 1 (2013-2015), 2 (2016-2018) and 3 (2019-2021). Temporal trends of the incidence of AAV were assessed. Point prevalence data were recorded. Sex- and age-standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. The life expectancy of patients with AAV was estimated by standard single-decrement life-table analysis.
resultsWe identified 236 patients with AAV (female, 58%) with an annual incidence of 8.22 per 1 000 000 adult inhabitants (period 1, 9.83; period 2, 6.88; period 3, 7.95). Increasing incidence was noted for MPA (period 1, 0.9; period 3, 2.49). The incidence of GPA (4.89 per 1 000 000 inhabitants per year) was three times higher than the total incidence of EGPA and MPA. The prevalence of AAV per 1 000 000 adult population increased from 35.92 in 2015 to 69.14 in 2021. 40 deaths were recorded during the study period, with a mean age at death of 65.2 (±13.03). AAV was associated with reduced life expectancy compared with the general population, especially when diagnosed at a young age. The SMRs for the total AAV cohort revealed a decreasing trend: 1.79 in period 1 and 1.67 in period 3.
conclusionsAAV is associated with increased mortality. During the study period, the incidence of AAV was found to be stable, and the prevalence has increased.
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