ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Case Report: Atypical extensive orbitofacial tuberculosis extending to the skull base and cavernous sinus revealed major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency in an 11-year-old girl.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Cavernous sinus tuberculosis is an extremely rare manifestation of central nervous system tuberculosis in children, with only two cases reported worldwide. It can mimic malignancy or other inflammatory conditions. Its occurrence in children with primary immunodeficiency, particularly major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II deficiency, has not yet been described. Case report: We report an 11-year-old girl with a history of recurrent infections and chronic otitis media. She presented with right orbital swelling, severe headaches, and exophthalmos. Imaging revealed an extensive mass in the sinonasal and orbital regions, extending to the skull base and cavernous sinus. A computed tomography-guided biopsy and histopathology, supported by PCR testing for Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis in atypical cavernous sinus lesions in children, especially in endemic regions. Severe or unusual infections should prompt evaluation for underlying immunodeficiency.
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