ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Fatal early-onset checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in a patient with advanced squamous-cell lung cancer with underlying pulmonary fibrosis: a case report and review of the literature.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Narrative review of the similarities and differences between immune checkpoint inhibitor- and antibody-drug conjugate-associated pneumonitis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: We report a case of fulminant checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) occurring after a single dose of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in a patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and underlying fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), illustrating a rare but clinically significant and often fatal immune-related adverse event. Main symptoms and clinical findings: A 78-year-old woman with stage IVb squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) developed progressive dyspnea, hypoxemia, and systemic inflammation shortly after receiving her first dose of pembrolizumab. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) revealed new bilateral ground-glass opacities superimposed on a fibrotic background with a definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern. Diagnoses interventions and outcomes: Fulminant early-onset CIP was diagnosed after exclusion of infectious causes. Despite discontinuation of immunotherapy and escalation of immunosuppressive treatment-including high-dose corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and infliximab-the patient's respiratory status deteriorated, resulting in death 27 days after treatment initiation. Conclusion: This case illustrates that life-threatening CIP can occur after a single dose of ICI in patients with fibrotic ILD. It emphasizes the urgent need for risk-adapted treatment strategies and enhanced monitoring protocols in this high-risk population.
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