ArticleFrontiers in bioinformatics2025
Cellf-deception: human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells exhibit more astrocyte-like than microglia-like gene expression.
Article in Frontiers in bioinformatics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Kynurenine Pathway: Unraveling Its Role in Neurological Disorders via Mammalian Cellular Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- HMC3 revealed: how much do these "Microglia" really tell us?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Recent advances in Alzheimer's research suggest that the brain's immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of this devastating disease. Microglial cells are vital as immune cells in the brain's defense system. Human Microglia Clone 3 (HMC3) is a cell line developed as a promising experimental model to understand the role of microglial cells in human diseases including Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. The frequency of HMC3 cell usage has increased in recent years, with the idea that this cell line could serve as a convenient model for human microglial cell functions. Methods: We utilized gene-pair ratios from bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) expression data to create predictive models of cell-type origins. Results: Our model reveals that the HMC3 cell line represents various cell types, with the highest cell similarity score relating to astrocytes, not microglia. Discussion: These findings suggest that the HMC3 cell line is not a reliable human microglia model and that extreme caution should be taken when interpreting the results of studies using the HMC3 cell line.
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