ReviewACS ES&T water2025
Toward Sustainable Lagoon Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Nutrient Management Technologies and Their Suitability for Small Communities.
Review in ACS ES&T water, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- State of nutrient management infrastructure of lagoons wastewater systems serving small communities in the U.S.Environmental research. Water · 2026Article
- Evaluation of nutrients in effluent from wastewater treatment lagoons discharging to surface water in the United States.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lagoon wastewater systems are popular in small communities (<10,000 people) due to their cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency. However, these systems struggle to meet regulatory discharge limits for ammonia, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, emphasizing the need for improved nutrient management. Most existing reviews focus on large-scale mechanical systems, leaving a gap for stand-alone lagoon systems in resource-limited settings. This systematic review analyzed 1003 peer-reviewed articles spanning five decades, evaluating nutrient management technologies for municipal lagoons. Technologies were categorized by nutrient target, process type, installation location, and development phase. Biological processes dominate (79%) due to their adaptability and cost-effectiveness, while advanced and hybrid systems are gaining traction. Performance varied widely based on design, climate, and operational conditions, highlighting the importance of site-specific considerations. To support context-sensitive selection, this study developed the Suitability Index (SIDX), a multicriteria framework incorporating complexity, automation, availability, and operational feasibility. SIDX identified several applicable and promising technologies for small-community lagoons. The review also highlighted an evolving focus toward circularity, resource recovery, and emissions reduction, moving beyond traditional pollutant removal. These insights provide practical guidance to support adaptive, context-appropriate nutrient management strategies aligned with current regulatory standards and future environmental goals.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.