ArticleJournal of multimorbidity and comorbidity
Chronic health conditions and health care affordability issues among U.S. rural and urban adults.
Article in Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rural-urban comparisons of area-based socioeconomic disadvantage and vulnerability indices.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- The digital divide in adoption and advanced use of electronic health records among US hospitals: rural versus urban disparities from 2008 to 2023.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Predicting pharmacy choice for managed care network design.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic health conditions and rurality are associated with each other and with higher risks of medical debt. Less is known about the intersection of chronic conditions and health care affordability issues as they relate to rurality. The objective of this study is to determine whether rural/urban differences exist in associations between chronic conditions and health care affordability issues. Methods: Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey, we conducted survey-weighted bivariate analyses comparing rates of chronic conditions and multimorbidity by rurality, followed by adjusted multivariate logistic regression models examining associations between health care affordability issues, chronic conditions, and multimorbidity. Major Findings: Compared to urban residents, rural residents reported significantly higher rates of nearly all chronic conditions, multimorbidity (3+ chronic conditions: 26.7% vs 18.3%, Conclusions: Adults living in rural areas of the U.S. may have higher rates of chronic conditions and be more likely to experience health care affordability issues than their urban counterparts. Differing patterns by multimorbidity and rurality indicate that policy interventions addressing medical debt should be targeted to chronic condition types and tailored by rurality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.