ArticleFEBS open bio2026
Engineering tandem VHHs to target different epitopes to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Article in FEBS open bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Camelid VHHs as a Versatile Platform for Combating Viral Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and applications of camelid variable heavy-chain nanobodies against bacterial and parasitic protozoal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Engineering antibodies to elicit antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) can be used to eliminate target cells. Here, we described how single domain VHH arms on a bispecific antibody (BsAb) format can be engineered to modulate cell binding and ADCC activity. The BsAbs, comprising two anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nanobodies, 7D12 and EGA1, were engineered onto a human IgG1 Fc domain in monovalent, bivalent, and tandem formats. While 7D12 had a stronger ADCC activity than EGA1, the tandem 7D12-EGA1 mediated a significantly stronger ADCC activity without significant changes in cell binding in numerous cancer cell lines. In addition, we present how the molecular design of the tandem 7D12 and EGA1 nanobodies could cross-link two different EGFR molecules to obtain stronger ADCC activity.
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Registered trials
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