ArticleIntegrative cancer therapies
Unveiling the Anticancer Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of Fangchinoline Against Cholangiocarcinoma Using FTIR Microspectroscopy, In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.
Article in Integrative cancer therapies. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrative Sequencing and Proteogenomic Approaches to Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for Precision Diagnosis and Therapy.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Repurposing Rosiglitazone Induces Apoptosis Accompanied by Impaired Antioxidant Defense in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells: Findings from Proteomic and Functional Analyses.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe limited effectiveness of traditional chemotherapeutic agents against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) highlights the need for novel compounds. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of fangchinoline (FCL) and its underlying mechanisms of action in CCA cells.
methodsBiomolecular changes associated with FCL-induced cell death were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The apoptosis-inducing effects of FCL were investigated using annexin V/7-amino-actinomycin staining, caspase-9 activity, JC-1 transmembrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Western blotting of total cell lysates was used to assess protein expression, normalized to β-actin. The Proteome Profiler™ Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit was used to assess changes in the phosphorylation patterns of cell survival-associated proteins. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict FCL targets. The interaction between the compound and its potential targets were demonstrated by molecular docking and verified by western blot analysis.
resultsFCL induced biochemical alterations in CCA cells. A series of in vitro analyses demonstrated that FCL induced mitochondria-associated apoptotic cell death in KKU-100 cells, with ROS induction contributing to this effect. Furthermore, FCL altered the phosphorylation status of several survival-related kinases, including Yes, c-Jun, ERK1/2, HSP27, and STAT5. Network pharmacology analysis identified Src as a central hub protein with the highest degree of connectivity among the signaling proteins affected by FCL. Consistently, western blot analysis confirmed a marked reduction in Src phosphorylation following FCL treatment. Molecular docking further supported this finding, showing that FCL interacted with the catalytic residues of Src.
conclusionThe anticancer potential of FCL against CCA was demonstrated using several approaches. These findings indicated a potential therapeutic opportunity for FCL in CCA.
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