ArticleDrug testing and analysis2026
Metformin in the Horse: Pharmacokinetics and Detection Times Using Monte Carlo Simulations.
Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigation of Metformin Contamination in Horses: Implications for Environmental Exposure and Doping Control.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
- Erythrocyte sequestration of metformin in horses: impact on matrix-specific pharmacokinetics and detection windows.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Metformin in the Horse: Pharmacokinetics and Detection Times Using Monte Carlo Simulations.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The racehorse industry has strict regulations regarding the detection of prohibited substances in horses. Metformin, a diabetes medication, is a prohibited substance that has been reported in post-race blood and urine samples collected from racehorses. For further characterization of the disposition of metformin, 12 Thoroughbred horses were administered metformin orally and intravenously in a randomized, balanced, two-way crossover design. Serum and urine samples were collected, and drug concentrations determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The serum data were analyzed using both noncompartmental analysis and a population pharmacokinetic model. Metformin concentrations were below the LOQ (0.25 ng/mL) in six of 12 horses by Day 11 postadministration, and below the LOQ for all horses on Day 25. The maximum serum concentration of metformin (mean ± SD) was 941.0 ± 467.8 ng/mL, and the mean terminal t
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.