Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41261732›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2026

proGenomes4: providing 2 million accurately and consistently annotated high-quality prokaryotic genomes.

Anthony Fullam, Ivica Letunic, Oleksandr M Maistrenko, Alexandre Areias Castro, Luis Pedro Coelho, Anastasiia Grekova, Christian Schudoma, Supriya Khedkar, Mahdi Robbani, Michael Kuhn and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Anthony FullamStructural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117,Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0884-8124
Ivica LetunicBiobyte solutions GmbH, Bothestraße 142, Heidelberg 69117,Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3560-4288
Oleksandr M MaistrenkoSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1000 BE, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1961-7548
Alexandre Areias CastroCentre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St., Brisbane, Queensland, Woollongabba 4102, Australia.ORCID 0009-0004-7393-4127
Luis Pedro CoelhoCentre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St., Brisbane, Queensland, Woollongabba 4102, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9280-7885
Anastasiia GrekovaStructural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117,Germany.ORCID 0009-0002-9092-8584
Christian SchudomaStructural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117,Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1157-1354
Supriya KhedkarBioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6606-2202
Mahdi RobbaniStructural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117,Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0161-0559
Michael KuhnStructural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117,Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2841-872X
Thomas S B SchmidtAPC Microbiome and School of Medicine, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0001-8587-4177
Peer BorkStructural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117,Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2627-833X
Daniel R MendeHuman Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-6831-4557

Funding

Australian Research Council FT230100724Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation 460129525Keio UniversityMEXTMinistry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg LIBIS/de.NBI
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The pervasive availability of publicly available microbial genomes has opened many new avenues for microbiology research, yet it also demands robust quality control and consistent annotation pipelines to ensure meaningful biological insights. proGenomes4 (prokaryotic Genomes v4) addresses this challenge by providing a resource of nearly 2 million high-quality microbial genomes, a doubling in scale from previous versions, encompassing over 7 billion genes. Each genome underwent rigorous quality assessment and comprehensive functional annotation by applying multiple standardized annotation workflows, including the systematic identification of mobile genetic elements and biosynthetic gene clusters. proGenomes4 contains 32 887 species with ecological habitat metadata as well as precomputed pan-genomes. This substantially expanded resource provides the microbiology community with a foundation for large-scale comparative studies and is freely accessible via a newly developed command line interface and at https://progenomes.embl.de/.

Indexed as

Databases, GeneticGenome, ArchaealGenome, BacterialGenome, MicrobialGenomicsMolecular Sequence AnnotationSoftwareMultigene Family

Identifiers

PMID41261732
PMCPMC12807698

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.