SynthesisEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Influence of treatment modalities on survival and progression free survival in primary spinal cord glioblastoma: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, primarily affecting the brain. It infrequently occurs in the spinal cord, accounting for approximately 1.5% of all spinal cord tumors. Primary spinal cord GBM (sGBM) is associated with a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival (OS) of 12-15 months and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 11.5 months. This study performed a systematic review and a individual participant data meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of various therapeutic strategies on OS and PFS in patients with sGBM.
methodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, data from 278 patients extracted from 116 studies were analyzed. The literature search was conducted in August 2025 using the PubMed and Embase databases. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the log-rank test, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.
resultsThe average age was 31 years, with a predominance of males (57.5%). Most patients underwent STR (63.6%) and received adjuvant treatment (84.6%). Mean OS was 16.1 months, while mean PFS was 11.6 months. Chemotherapy (CT) and Radiotherapy (RT) were associated with improved prognosis. Moreover, patients who underwent gross total resection (GTR) showed a lower risk of mortality compared with those who underwent Bx.
conclusionChemotherapy, radiotherapy, and gross total resection demonstrated significant benefits for both OS and PFS. These findings underscore the relevance of adjuvant therapies and surgical extent in the management of primary spinal GBM. Future studies should address the impact of tumor genetic and molecular profiles on survival outcomes.
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Registered trials
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