Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41260483›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2026

Optic Disc Flavoprotein Fluorescence Imaging as a Novel Method to Quantify Disease Burden in Optic Disc Drusen.

Rishita Rama Pujari, Miaomiao Yu, Jamie Zhang, Lorraine Almeda, Sangeethabalasri Pugazhendhi, Ping Zhu, Collin Rich, Heather E Moss, Shannon Beres, Yaping Joyce Liao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rishita Rama PujariFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Miaomiao YuFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Jamie ZhangFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Lorraine AlmedaFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Sangeethabalasri PugazhendhiFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Ping ZhuFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Collin RichOcuSciences, Inc. (C.R.), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Heather E MossFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Shannon BeresFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Yaping Joyce LiaoFrom the Department of Ophthalmology (R.R.P., M.Y., J.Z., L.A., S.P., P.Z., H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (H.E.M., S.B., Y.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. Electronic address: yjliao@stanford.edu.

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate the ability of flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) imaging to quantify disease burden in optic disc drusen (ODD).

designCross-sectional study.

participantsOne hundred and fifty-seven ODD eyes (94 participants, ages 7-89 years) and 69 control eyes (53 participants, ages 10-78 years).

methodsComprehensive examination, visual function testing, and multimodal ophthalmic imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric tests, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation.

main outcome measuresLogMAR, static perimetry mean deviation, optic disc and macular FPF, enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), OCT peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness.

resultsOptic disc FPF signal corresponded with superficial and buried drusen visualized on 97 EDI-OCT B-scans. Compared with controls, ODD eyes have significantly elevated disc FPF (P < .0001) but no difference in macular FPF scores. Examination of age-related changes revealed stable disc FPF in controls over the first 7 decades of life. In contrast, ODD eyes exhibited elevated disc FPF within the first 2 decades of age, which increased over time and remained high after age 40. Sectoral analysis showed significantly elevated disc FPF in all quadrants in ODD compared with controls (P < .001). ODD eyes with visual field loss (mean deviation (MD) < -2 dB) had significantly higher disc FPF and lower pRNFL and mGCC thicknesses compared with ODD eyes without visual field loss (MD ≥ -2 dB) (P < .001 for all). We found a nonlinear relationship between disc FPF and MD (RMSE = 4.4271, R² = 0.4504) and a negative correlation between disc FPF and pRNFL (r = -0.78) and mGCC thicknesses (r = -0.62). Disc FPF, pRNFL, and mGCC had high statistical power in segregating ODD eyes with and without visual field loss.

conclusionsDisc FPF is an objective imaging technique to quantify disease burden in ODD, reflecting a combination of drusen autofluorescence signal and metabolic stress from axonopathy. Disc FPF is correlated with structural and functional changes and has high predictive power of visual field loss in ODD, supporting its use as an outcome measure in prospective natural history and treatment studies in ODD.

Indexed as

Optical ImagingOptic DiskOptic Disk DrusenAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNerve FibersRetinal Ganglion CellsTomography, Optical Coherence

Identifiers

PMID41260483
PMCPMC13406388

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.