Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41260023›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025

Brief report: Are changes in cannabis use frequency associated with changes in alcohol use and smoking among people with HIV (PWH) - A substitution question.

Bridget M Whitney, Joseph A C Delaney, Lydia N Drumright, Robin M Nance, Rob J Fredericksen, Geetanjali Chander, Edward R Cachay, Nathaniel T Fox, Katerina A Christopoulos, Karen L Cropsey and 12 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Bridget M WhitneyDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: bmw05@uw.edu.
Joseph A C DelaneyDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lydia N DrumrightSchool of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Robin M NanceDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Rob J FredericksenDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Geetanjali ChanderDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Edward R CachaySchool of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nathaniel T FoxSchool of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Katerina A ChristopoulosSchool of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Karen L CropseyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Michael A OwensDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Greer A BurkholderDepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Kenneth H MayerDepartment Medicine, Fenway Institute/Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Mary E McCaulDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sonia NapravnikDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Conall O'CleirighDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Allison R WebelSchool of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
George A YendewaSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Michael S SaagDepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Mari M KitahataDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Heidi M CraneDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Andrew W HahnDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Funding

University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS ResearchP30AI027757 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CONNIE L CELUM · 1988 to 2026
$104.9M
Unsolicited R24 for the CFAR-Network of Integrated Clinical Sciences, CNICSR24AI067039 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Michael S. Saag · 2006 to 2026
$99.4M
Virology CoreP30AI027767 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Paul A. Goepfert · 1988 to 2026
$84.1M
Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Anna Palmer Durbin · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
3/4 Alcohol Research Consortium in HIV - Epidemiological Research Arm (ARCH-ERA)U01AA020793 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CRANE, HEIDI M., LAU, BRYAN · 2011 to 2020
$5.8M
Substance use patterns and contexts: impact on epigenetic age and prevention strategies in an HIV clinical care cohortR01DA047045 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Heidi M. Crane, Joseph Austin Delaney · 2018 to 2026
$5.1M
Integration of Evidence-based Alcohol Interventions into HIV CareU01AA020802 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CROPSEY, KAREN L, MUGAVERO, MICHAEL J · 2011 to 2020
$4.2M
1/4 Alcohol Research Consortium in HIV-Administrative Core (ARCH-AC)U24AA020801 · NIAAA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CHANDER, GEETANJALI, MCCAUL, MARY E · 2011 to 2021
$3.5M
Understanding Health Inequities at the Intersection of the HIV and substance use epidemics across racial/ethnic and other underserved populationsR01DA058938 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Heidi M. Crane, Rob Fredericksen · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
Marijuana policy change impact on patterns of marijuana and other harmful substance use among people living with HIV: A mixed methods evaluationR21DA047891 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CRANE, HEIDI M., DELANEY, JOSEPH AUSTIN · 2019 to 2020
$428k
NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA020793NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA020802NIAAA NIH HHS U24 AA020801NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027757NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027767NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050410NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI067039NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA047045NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA058938NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA047891
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe evaluated the harm reduction-based cannabis substitution hypothesis, that increased cannabis use may lead to decreased harmful alcohol or tobacco use, among people with HIV (PWH). SETTING/

methodsData are from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort between 2009 and 2023. PWH completed longitudinal assessments of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use. Two trajectories of change in cannabis use were evaluated: increasing use (initiation and increased use frequency vs. non-increasing use) and decreasing use (abstinence and reduced use frequency vs. non-decreasing use). Associations between changes in frequency of cannabis use and subsequent frequency of alcohol and tobacco use were estimated using time-updated, multivariable linear mixed models. Joint longitudinal and survival models were used to examine associations with hazardous alcohol use.

resultsAmong 12,143 PWH, 31.9 % reported cannabis use, 17.5 % hazardous alcohol use, and 35.6 % cigarette use at baseline. Compared to those who did not increase use, increasing cannabis use was associated with 0.67 additional drinking days/month (95 %CI:0.42-0.92), 0.25 additional heavy episodic drinking days/month (95 %CI:0.04-0.46), and a 2.2 times higher odds of hazardous alcohol consumption (95 %CI:1.67-2.44). Increasing cannabis use was also associated with 0.60 additional cigarettes/day (95 %CI:0.27-0.93). Initiation of cannabis resulted in similar estimates. Conversely, decreasing cannabis use, with and without abstinence, was associated with less alcohol and cigarette consumption.

conclusionsIncreasing cannabis use was associated with more drinking, more hazardous drinking, and higher cigarette intake. Contrary to the cannabis substitution hypothesis, increased cannabis use did not result in a reduction of alcohol or tobacco use among PWH.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingHIV InfectionsMarijuana SmokingMarijuana UseSmokingAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedCannabisHarm reductionHazardous alcohol useHeavy episodic (binge) alcohol useHIVSubstitutionTobacco

Identifiers

PMID41260023
PMCPMC12767213

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.