Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41258718›Full record

ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2026

Sulfonamide resistance gene

Melina Markkanen, Denise Pezzutto, Marko Virta, Antti Karkman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Melina MarkkanenDepartment of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-2392-1729
Denise PezzuttoDepartment of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Marko VirtaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Antti KarkmanDepartment of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-0983-3319

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The introduction of the first broad-spectrum antibiotics, sulfonamide drugs, fundamentally revolutionized medicine in the 1930s. Shortly after, and ever since, sulfonamide resistance genes ( IMPORTANCE: Antibiotic resistance is an ancient phenomenon and a common trait of many environmental bacteria. However, human activities in the post-antibiotic era, coupled with the bacteria's ability to exchange genetic material across different lineages, have drastically increased the spread of resistance traits among bacteria from various niches. The primary concern is the resistance genes encoded by infections causing pathogens, already causing over 1 million deaths annually and indirectly contributing to nearly 4 million more. Therefore, understanding the bacteria that harbor ARGs and the genetic mechanisms driving their mobilization is crucial for understanding the dynamics and emerging trends of resistance. Here, we focus on revealing these crucial aspects of the newly discovered sulfonamide resistance gene,

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial ProteinsDrug Resistance, BacterialSewageSulfonamidesWastewaterGenes, BacterialHumansMetagenomicsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsSewageSulfonamidesWastewaterantibiotic resistancebacterial methylationinsertion sequencesintegronsISCR28metagenome-assembled genomesludgesul4sulfonamide resistancewastewater

Identifiers

PMID41258718
PMCPMC12772301

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.