Design of anti-frost smoke machine system for mountain orchard based on multi-objective optimization.

Yue Lu, Wenbin Zhang, Yong Lin, Zikang Cao, Haijian Wu, Liju Liu, Xiaolei Song, Quan Lu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yue LuFaculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.

Wenbin ZhangFaculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China. zhangwenbin@kmu.edu.cn.

Yong LinZhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing, 310024, Zhejiang, China. linyong@zjut.edu.cn.

Zikang CaoFaculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.

Haijian WuFaculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.

Liju LiuFaculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.

Xiaolei SongFaculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.

Quan LuNinglang Hengtai Agricultural Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Lijiang, 674100, Yunan, China.

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2021FYD1100407People's Government of Yunnan Province YNWR-QNBJ-2018-349

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cold spell in late spring often occur during the flowering period of fruit trees, causing irreversible damage to flower buds and significant economic losses to apple orchards. To address this challenge, we propose an optimized frost protection system based on the Hippo Optimization Algorithm (HOA) and the k-minimum spanning tree (k-MST) model. A green solar frost protection scheme is first developed. Then, the number and location of smoke machines are optimized using HOA. The wiring layout is further optimized using the k-MST model based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP), where the number of deployment points derived by HOA is used as the input parameter k. Simulation results show that compared with traditional methods, this optimization approach can achieve a maximum reduction of 55.55% in the number of smoke machines, and an even more significant saving of up to 44.16% in wiring length. The optimization method provides a cost-effective strategy for agricultural frost protection.

Indexed as

Cold spell in late springFrost protection in orchardsHippo optimization algorithmk-minimum spanning tree

Identifiers

PMID41258390

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-21322-w

PMCPMC12630739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.