Trial reportBMC pediatrics2025
The effect of preoperative virtual reality on anxiety, pain and postoperative recovery in children undergoing circumcision.
Trial report in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe present study aims to assess the anxiety and pain perception in children receiving virtual reality (VR) interventions before circumcision, as well as the impact of VR on postoperative recovery.
methodsA total of 160 children undergoing circumcision in the hospital operating room from June 2023 to December 2024 were selected as study subjects. Using the random number table method, the children were divided into the Control and Observation groups, each comprising 80 children. The Control group received routine preoperative care, while the Observation group underwent VR intervention before surgery. Children’s anxiety levels were assessed using the Chinese version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) at three distinct time points: upon entering the surgical waiting room (T1), during anesthesia induction (T2), and 1 h post-surgery (T3). During surgery, cardiovascular stress indicators in children were recorded using a multiparameter monitor. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Postoperative recovery and complications were observed.
resultsAt T1, there was no significant difference in m-YPAS scores between the two groups. The m-YPAS scores were highest at T1 and subsequently declined at T2 and T3. At T2 and T3, the m-YPAS scores of the Observation group were significantly lower than those of the Control group (P < 0.05). During surgery, the Observation group exhibited lower heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). Pain levels were highest for both groups at 1 h post-surgery and then declined at 1 d and 7d post-surgery. Additionally, the Observation group had significantly lower VAS scores at 1 h and 1 d post-surgery compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). The pain resolution time and incision healing time in the Observation group were significantly shorter than in the Control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative complications, including preputial edema (8.75% vs. 6.25%), incision bleeding (7.50% vs. 6.25%), and incision adhesion (2.50% vs. 1.25%). No adverse reactions such as dizziness, nausea, headache, or visual fatigue were reported in the Observation group during the use of the VR devices.
conclusionPreoperative VR intervention helps alleviate perioperative anxiety in children undergoing circumcision, stabilizes intraoperative physiological indicators, and shows potential in reducing early postoperative pain and promoting postoperative wound recovery. This study provides preliminary evidence for VR as a promising and safe non-pharmacological adjunctive intervention. However, further large-scale research is needed to validate the generalizability of its clinical benefits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.