ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Shifting trends in influenza and rising HBoV cases: a comparative analysis over 3-winter seasons.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in pediatric populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant shifts in the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, particularly influenza viruses and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1). This study aims to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of HBoV1 and its clinical implications in pediatric ARTIs. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED) over three consecutive winter seasons: the pre-pandemic period (2017-2019) and the post-pandemic period (2022-2024). Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify respiratory viruses. Clinical and demographic characteristics, hospitalization rates, disease severity, and outcomes were systematically evaluated.
resultsAmong 541 children (median age: 14 months), respiratory viruses were identified in 53.9%. The prevalence of HBoV1 increased significantly in the post-pandemic period (9.5% vs. 20.8%)(p < 0.001), whereas influenza A/B infections declined (p < 0.001). Co-infections decreased (13.4% to 5.3%), though HBoV1 was strongly linked to co-infections (p = 0.001). Severe illness was significantly associated with co-infections (aOR: 7.3, 95% CI: 3.9-14.2, p < 0.001) and age ≤ 1 year (aOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.1, p = 0.008).
conclusionThe post-pandemic period is characterized by an increased prevalence of HBoV1 and a decline in influenza A/B infections. While HBoV1 alone does not appear to contribute to severe disease, co-infections, particularly with RSV, significantly increase morbidity. These findings highlight the need for continued viral surveillance and tailored clinical management strategies to address shifting epidemiological patterns in pediatric ARTIs. CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.