Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of melatonin-regulated hair follicle growth in cashmere goats and comparative insights across goat breeds.

backgroundCashmere goats are prized for their high-quality fibers, which are soft, fine, strong, and exhibit remarkable elasticity and luster. Cashmere growth occurs in secondary hair follicles and follows a distinct, periodic cycle. This study seeks to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms driving cashmere growth, as well as the impact of exogenous melatonin, by integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data.

resultsRNA-Seq data from skin samples of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats were analyzed, with the growth period divided into three stages. Differential genes and pathways involved in cashmere growth, including Wnt, BMP, Hippo, MAPK, TNF and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, were identified. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses between the control and melatonin groups revealed melatonin-sensitive key genes (MSKGs) such as DLX3, KRT35, KRT85, and KRTAP11-1. Enrichment analysis highlighted that melatonin influences signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, ECM, FGF, and keratin-related genes, potentially regulating secondary shedding and hair follicle regeneration. The study also identified conserved genes and pathways related to cashmere growth in different cashmere goat breeds, including Wnt, Hippo, and JAK-STAT pathways.

conclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the hair follicle growth phase in cashmere goats, revealing how exogenous melatonin influences cashmere growth. It also highlights potential targets, such as ATP6V0A4, DLX3, and SMOC2, for future research in improving cashmere yield and quality. These findings lay the foundation for developing strategies to control cashmere growth and shedding across different goat breeds.