Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41257543›Full record

ArticleACS chemical neuroscience2025

Thin-Film Reference Electrodes for Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry.

Yongli Qi, Jaehyeon Ryu, Dongyeol Jang, Bella Schaub, Yieljae Shin, Tianyu Bai, Gen Li, Joshua P Aronson, James C Leiter, Hui Fang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS chemical neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yongli QiThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.ORCID 0009-0005-0006-9766
Jaehyeon RyuThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
Dongyeol JangThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.ORCID 0009-0009-7255-5201
Bella SchaubThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
Yieljae ShinThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
Tianyu BaiThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.ORCID 0009-0006-7427-9173
Gen LiThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
Joshua P AronsonBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
James C LeiterWhite River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont 05001, United States.
Hui FangThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4651-9786

Funding

Multimodal MEAs for Parallel Electrical Recording and Sub-second Neuromodulator SensingR01MH139342 · NIMH · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI Hui Fang · 2025 to 2026
$981k
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH139342
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors rely on reference electrodes (REs) to provide stable potential standards, ensuring accurate and reliable detection. The development of biocompatible, stable, and miniaturized REs to replace conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes is crucial for translating electrochemical sensing for human applications. This study evaluates the performance of thin-film electrodes made from gold (Au), platinum (Pt), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) as REs for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), a widely used technique for real-time neurotransmitter detection. Using dopamine (DA) sensing as a model platform, our results demonstrate that Pt-Ir electrodes provide the necessary stable potential, low drift, and high reproducibility for FSCV sensing, even at a reduced size of 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm. Additionally, Pt-Ir exhibited performance comparable to Ag/AgCl electrodes across various pH levels and in the presence of biofouling agents. These findings highlight Pt-Ir as a promising alternative RE, with strong potential for integration into miniaturized electrochemical sensors for both preclinical and clinical applications.

Indexed as

DopamineElectrochemical TechniquesBridged Bicyclo Compounds, HeterocyclicElectrodesGoldHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIridiumPlatinumPolymersPolystyrenesReproducibility of ResultsBridged Bicyclo Compounds, HeterocyclicDopamineGoldIridiumPlatinumPolymersPolystyreneselectrochemical sensorfast-scan cyclic voltammetryneurotransmittersreference electrodeThin-film

Identifiers

PMID41257543
PMCPMC12679531

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.