ReviewAdvances in medical education and practice2025
Effects of Hidden Curriculum on Medical Education and Strategies to Reshape Hidden Curriculum as a Curriculum Promotor - A Systematic Review.
Review in Advances in medical education and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Hidden Curriculum in the Postgraduate Psychiatry Trainee Program.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Bias, representation, and clinical fidelity in AI-generated images for medical education: a systematic literature review.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of structured mentorship on professional identity and career development among medical residents: a cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- No Free Lunch in Competency-Based Health Professions Education: Exploring Trade-Offs, Value, and Shared Investment in Health Professions Education.Perspectives on medical education · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this review is to analyze the hidden curriculum with respect to its potential as a curriculum promotor or inhibitor of medical curricula, and to review the strategies that can help make it one of the curriculum promotors. Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) library, with Google Scholar for grey literature, using specified keywords with a time limit from January 2000 to December 2023. We included original articles, review articles and meta-analyses, book chapters, and books focusing on the hidden curriculum effects on curriculum. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Three different reviewers independently searched the relevant literature. The Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) quality criteria were used to assess the quality, the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists for risk of bias assessment, and the GRADE-CERQual framework for confidence of evidence in each article. Findings were synthesized by using thematic synthesis to identify promotive and inhibitory effects along with recommended strategies. Results: A total of 23 articles were selected for full review. These articles infer that the hidden curriculum can affect the medical curriculum in both negative and positive ways. A few of the curriculum-promoting effects of hidden curriculum are soft skills (interpersonal, communication, and professional behaviors often labelled as soft skills in the literature) and practical knowledge acquisition, cultural proficiency, moral growth, and professionalism. The negative or inhibitory effects include a detrimental learning environment, learning unprofessional and unethical practices, gender inequities, stress, and burnout. Strategies that should be adopted to overcome the inhibitory effects of the hidden curriculum include raising awareness among the stakeholders regarding the hidden curriculum, aligning the hidden curriculum with the intended curriculum, institutional and administrative policies, role modelling, and mentorship. Conclusion: Hidden Curriculum plays a very crucial role in medical education. By addressing its due importance, it can highly enhance the competence of future health professionals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.