Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41256369›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

Fatal Human H3N8 Influenza Virus has a Moderate Pandemic Risk.

Valerie Le Sage, Michelle N Vu, Maria A Maltepes, Shengyang Wang, Brooke A Snow, Grace A Merrbach, Alexandra J Benton, Kylie E Zirckel, Sarah E Petnuch, Carly N Marble and 7 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Valerie Le SageDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Michelle N VuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Maria A MaltepesDepartment of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Shengyang WangDepartments of Molecular Medicine and Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
Brooke A SnowCenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Grace A MerrbachCenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Alexandra J BentonCenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kylie E ZirckelCenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Sarah E PetnuchCenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Carly N MarbleCenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Lora H RigattiDivision of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
James C PaulsonDepartments of Molecular Medicine and Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
Elizabeth M DrapeauDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Anita K McElroyCenter for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Scott E HensleyDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2928-7506
Louise H MonclaDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Seema S LakdawalaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7679-2150

Funding

NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00015 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI HENSLEY, SCOTT · 2021 to 2025
$50.7M
Practices CoreUC7AI180311 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI William Paul Duprex · 2023 to 2026
$13.2M
Quantifying the genetic and environmental factors driving avian influenza spilloverR00AI147029 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MONCLA, LOUISE HILLIER · 2022 to 2023
$498k
NIAID NIH HHS 75N93021C00015NIAID NIH HHS R00 AI147029NIAID NIH HHS UC7 AI180311
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In China, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H3N8 virus is widespread among chickens and has recently caused three zoonotic infections, with the last one in 2023 being fatal. Here we evaluated the relative pandemic risk of this 2023 zoonotic H3N8 influenza virus, utilizing our previously published decision tree. Serological analysis indicated that a large proportion of the human population does not have any cross-neutralizing antibodies against this H3N8 strain. LPAI H3N8 displayed a dual affinity for α2-3 and α2-6 sialic acids and replicated efficiently in human bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, we observed H3N8 transmission via direct contact but not aerosols to ferrets with pre-existing H3N2 immunity. Although pre-existing H3N2 immunity resulted in a shortened disease course in ferrets, it did not reduce disease severity or replication in the respiratory tract. This study suggests that this zoonotic H3N8 strain has moderate pandemic potential and emphasizes the continued need for avian influenza surveillance.

Indexed as

H3N8low pathogenic avian influenza viruspre-existing immunitytransmission

Identifiers

PMID41256369
PMCPMC12621962

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.