ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Global, regional, and national burden and trends of pancreatic cancer, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Metabolic Dysfunction and Related Dietary Exposures in Relation to Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Review of the Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Pancreatic cancer burden in China from 1990 to 2023: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2023.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: To evaluate temporal trends, associated risk factors, and cross-national inequalities in the distribution of pancreatic cancer from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Temporal trends were measured using the average annual percent change and annual percent change. A comparative risk assessment framework was employed to estimate the proportion of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to specific risk factors for pancreatic cancer. In addition, the unequal distribution of the global burden of pancreatic cancer was quantified using the inequality slope index and the concentration index, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs associated with pancreatic cancer have increased in absolute numbers. At the regional level, Central Asia recorded the highest values for all four indicators, while Western Sub-Saharan Africa experienced the most pronounced escalation in disease burden. Notably, the burden of pancreatic cancer was consistently higher in males than in females throughout the study period. Cross-national inequalities analysis reveals that disparities in pancreatic cancer burden are concentrated in countries with relatively higher socio-demographic index. To date, the high fasting plasma glucose remained the major risk factor that influenced the DALYs of pancreatic cancer, followed by smoking and high body mass index. Conclusion: The global burden of pancreatic cancer is rising, particularly among males and in high-income regions. This trend highlights the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies and improved management of modifiable risk factors, with a specific focus on these high-risk populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.