ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Female predominance and socio-demographic inequalities in global near vision loss burden: projected trends and disparities from 1990 to 2035.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Near vision loss (NVL), a hallmark of aging populations, imposes a growing global health burden, exacerbated by demographic shifts and socioeconomic disparities. Despite its profound impact on productivity and quality of life, comprehensive analyses that integrate aging, socioeconomic development, and sex-specific disparities remain limited. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset spanning 204 countries and territories (1990-2021), we evaluated the NVL burden through prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and sociodemographic index (SDI). Advanced methodologies included decomposition analysis to disentangle demographic and epidemiological drivers, Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling for projections, and frontier analysis to quantify SDI-linked inequities. Gender-stratified and age-specific trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression analysis. Results: Global NVL prevalence surged from 428 million to 1.155 billion cases (1990-2021). Females exhibited a higher age-standardized prevalence (16,588 vs. 14,718 per 100,000 in 2021). South Asia had the highest burden (age-standardized DALYs: 208.0), whereas the Gulf Cooperation Council reported the lowest (93.8). Socioeconomic inequities widened: The DALY gap between high- and low-SDI regions expanded from 10.19 to 31.96. Population growth (65.3%) and epidemiological shifts (39.2%) drove DALY increases, offset marginally by aging (-4.4%). Conclusion: NVL burden escalated disproportionately in low-SDI regions and among females, fueled by population growth and systemic healthcare gaps. Aging, while a minor contributor globally, critically affects the high-income Asia-Pacific region. Policymakers must prioritize sex-sensitive refractive care programs, expand optical subsidies in underserved areas, and address digital near-work hazards to mitigate the premature onset of NVL.
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