Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41256164›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025

Epigenetic clocks of biological aging and risk of incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

Steve Nguyen, Ake Lu, Steve Horvath, Mark A Espeland, Stephen R Rapp, Adam X Maihofer, Caroline M Nievergelt, Andrea Z LaCroix, Linda K McEvoy, Susan M Resnick and 2 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Steve NguyenHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5193-7042
Ake LuAltos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
Steve HorvathAltos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4110-3589
Mark A EspelandDivision of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Stephen R RappDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Adam X MaihoferDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Caroline M NievergeltDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Andrea Z LaCroixHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Linda K McEvoyKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Susan M ResnickLaboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kenneth BeckmanGenomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Aladdin H ShadyabHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Funding

WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE - CLINICAL COORDINATING CENTER: TASK AREA B - LONG LIFE STUDY VISIT 2 LIMITED HOME VISIT75N92021D00001 · NHLBI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI ANDERSON, GARNET L. · 2021 to 2025
$52.0M
Sedentary Behaviour Interrupted: Acute, medium and long-term effects on biomarkers of healthy aging, physical function and mortalityP01AG052352 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LACROIX, ANDREA Z. · 2017 to 2022
$9.0M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC): TASK AREA A AND A275N92021D00002 · NHLBI · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI WACTAWSKI-WENDE, JEAN · 2021 to 2025
$6.9M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC) - TO EXERCISE OPTION PERIOD ONE (1) AND REVISE CONTRACT ARTICLES.75N92021D00004 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEFANICK, MARCIA · 2021 to 2025
$6.5M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC) - TO EXERCISE OPTION PERIOD ONE (1) AND REVISE CONTRACT ARTICLES.75N92021D00003 · NHLBI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI JACKSON, REBECCA · 2021 to 2025
$5.0M
Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health in Women Aged 80 and OlderR01HL105065 · NHLBI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI LACROIX, ANDREA Z. · 2011 to 2014
$5.0M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC) - TO EXERCISE OPTION PERIOD ONE (1) AND REVISE CONTRACT ARTICLES.75N92021D00005 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI VITOLINS, MARA · 2021 to 2025
$4.2M
Epigenetic Aging Biomarkers of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, and Brain AgingR01AG074345 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SHADYAB, ALADDIN · 2024 to 2025
$1.1M
Plasma proteomic signatures of physical activity and Alzheimer's disease and related dementiasK99AG082863 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI NGUYEN, STEVE · 2023 to 2024
$206k
NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00001NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00002NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL105065NIA NIH HHS K99 AG082863NIA NIH HHS P01 AG052352NIA NIH HHS R01 AG074345WHI NIH HHS 75N92021D00003WHI NIH HHS 75N92021D00004WHI NIH HHS 75N92021D00005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aging is the strongest risk factor for dementia; however, few studies have examined the association of biological aging with incident dementia. We analyzed 6,069 cognitively unimpaired women (mean age=70.0 ± 3.8 years) in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study to examine the association of accelerated biological aging, measured with second and third-generation epigenetic clocks (AgeAccelPheno and AgeAccelGrim2, and DunedinPACE, respectively) with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, smoking, hormone therapy regimen, physical activity, body mass index, and estimated white blood cell counts. For comparison, we also examined first-generation epigenetic clocks (AgeAccelHorvath; AgeAccelHannum). We evaluated effect modification by age, race/ethnicity, hormone therapy regimen, menopause type (natural vs surgical), and

Indexed as

agingbiomarkerscohort studiesdementiaEpigenomics

Identifiers

PMID41256164
PMCPMC12622145

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.