ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025
Lactoferrin levels in cerebrospinal fluid exhibits isoform-specific associations with Alzheimer's disease.
Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) begin years before the onset of clinical symptoms. Developing cost-effective and minimally invasive biomarkers for preclinical diagnosis remains a critical goal in the field. Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, has emerged as a promising candidate due to its multifunctional roles reported in previous studies. However, whether lactoferrin levels in biofluids are associated with established AD biomarkers, and whether it can serve as a reliable diagnostic indicator, remains controversial. Methods: We analyzed SOMAscan proteomic data from 1,367 paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the ACE Alzheimer's Center Barcelona cohort to evaluate lactoferrin levels. Associations between two lactoferrin-targeting SOMAmers and classical AD biomarkers, including total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), and amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), were assessed. The age, sex, proteomic principal components were considered as covariates for sensitive analysis. The prognostic value of lactoferrin in predicting dementia progression was further evaluated using survival analysis. Findings: Among the two lactoferrin-targeting SOMAmers, Seq.2780.35 (LTF2) showed a weak and exclusive association with CSF Aβ42 and syndromic status, whereas Seq.14755.4 (LTF1) was weakly associated with CSF p-tau and t-tau AD biomarker levels displayed expression-dependent stratification consistent with a ventricular-volume-related dilution effect rather than disease. Furthermore, lactoferrin levels were not significantly associated with the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. Interpretation: Isoform-specific lactoferrin expression changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but not plasma, appears to have biological relevance and diagnostic biomarker potential for AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.