ArticleParasites & vectors2025
Unveiling prognostic indicators in canine leishmaniosis: two decades of evidence.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Targeting of Leishmania proteins by β-Lapachone derivatives reveals a promising multitarget candidate.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a New Scoring System (Total Leishmania Score) for Dogs withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Leishmania infantum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): from clinical findings to cytokine expression.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCanine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, can be subclinical or present as a systemic, chronic, and potentially fatal disease. Treatment response in sick dogs is influenced by many factors associated with the host, the vector, and the environment. This study aimed to identify risk factors for poor prognosis in CanL, focusing on demographic, epidemiological, and clinical/clinocopathological variables.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 300 dogs with CanL diagnosed between 2000 and 2022. Two logistic regression models were built to identify variables associated with an increased risk of relapses requiring repeated leishmanicidal treatments or of mortality due to CanL. A database with several variables was used to perform the study. These included demographic (age, sex, breed, and body weight), epidemiological (living conditions, travel history, and preventative measures), and clinical variables (clinical signs reported by the pet owner and physical examination findings, antibody titers, and LeishVet clinical stage), treatment history (first-line treatment, drug combinations), and outcome, among others. All analyses were conducted using R software and applying a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05).
resultsYoung dogs and those displaying weakness and ocular signs were more likely to develop relapses and require multiple leishmanicidal treatments, while weight loss was associated with a decreased risk. Additionally, dogs treated with miltefosine in combination with allopurinol as first-line treatment had a fivefold higher risk of needing multiple leishmanicidal treatments than those receiving meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol. Medium- to large-sized dogs had a fourfold higher mortality risk than small dogs, while this risk was almost 25 times higher in dogs in LeishVet stage IV compared with those in stage I. Mortality risk was also significantly higher in dogs displaying weakness, gastrointestinal signs, and lymphadenomegaly. Conversely, treatment with domperidone was associated with an 88% reduction in mortality risk.
conclusionsOur study highlights important risk factors for poor prognosis in CanL that should be carefully considered by clinicians and researchers when managing sick dogs, particularly regarding therapy decision-making.
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