ArticleBMC public health2025
Dietary patterns and nutritional habits of female students at Sulaimani university: a cross-sectional study in Sulaymaniyah, 2025-2026.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, university students are increasingly exposed to dietary challenges influenced by socioeconomic, academic, and behavioral factors. This study aimed to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional habits of female students at the University of Sulaimani.
methodThis cross-sectional study was conducted from January 15th, 2024, to September 20th, 2025, among female students enrolled in six colleges at the University of Sulaimani, using convenience sampling. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables, a 14-item dietary habits scale, and a 23-item food frequency scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Chi-square tests assessed associations between dietary adequacy and demographic factors. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of dietary behavior.
resultsA total of 200 female students participated in the study. The mean dietary habit score was 29.4 ± 3.18, indicating overall moderate eating habits. Significant associations were identified between dietary adequacy and age, academic stage, father's education, and perceived economic status (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, academic stage, father's education, and economic status were significant positive predictors, whereas limited budget for healthy food negatively affected dietary adequacy. Strong positive correlations were also found between healthy food intake and overall eating habits (r = 0.72, p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe study found that the participants had moderately eating habits overall, with only a minority demonstrating adequate dietary patterns. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers and healthcare providers implement targeted interventions to enhance nutritional awareness, improve access to healthy food options, and support health literacy among university students.
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