Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41254429›Full record

ArticleClinical rheumatology2026

Prevalence of malnutrition using the GLIM criteria and the subjective global assessment among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.

Eleni C Pardali, Katerina Maria Kontouli, Arriana Gkouvi, Odysseas Androutsos, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Irene A Tsakmaki, Anastasios C Manolakis, Christina G Katsiari, Dimitrios P Bogdanos, Maria G Grammatikopoulou

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Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Eleni C PardaliImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-5349
Katerina Maria KontouliDepartment of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-2841
Arriana GkouviImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-0815-4700
Odysseas AndroutsosLaboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42100, Trikala, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-1994
Dimitrios PoulimeneasDepartment of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, 24100, Kalamata, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-9620
Irene A TsakmakiImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa, Greece.
Anastasios C ManolakisDepartment of Gastroenterology, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8661-6997
Christina G KatsiariImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-6576
Dimitrios P BogdanosImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-7902
Maria G GrammatikopoulouImmunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa, Greece. mgrammat@uth.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-6595

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

INTRODUCTION/

objectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) using two distinct assessment methods and identify factors contributing to malnutrition.

methodsA cross-sectional design was adopted on patients with RMDs from the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital, Larissa, Greece. Three hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients were assessed for malnutrition using two different methods: the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify factors associated with malnutrition, as well as ordinal logistic regression models to evaluate predictors of malnutrition severity.

resultsAccording to the GLIM criteria, malnutrition was identified in 54.5% of patients, compared to 13.8% using the SGA. Appetite loss, body fat percentage, and overweight/obesity status emerged as strong independent predictors of malnutrition. Other variables, including hypoalbuminemia, glucocorticoid use, gender, and dysphagia, showed associations depending on the assessment method utilized. No notable relations were observed regarding the reason for hospital admission, other blood parameters, disease duration, or length of hospital stay.

conclusionsMalnutrition is highly prevalent among patients with RMDs. The present findings support the frequent screening of patients with RMDs for malnutrition, emphasizing the need to include objective assessments of muscle mass and appetite in the evaluation process. Such an approach may inform future research on targeted nutritional interventions and has the potential to shape clinical guidelines aimed at improving patient outcomes. Key Points • Malnutrition is a recognized complication in patients with RMDs, often exacerbated by chronic inflammation. • There is no universally accepted gold-standard method for assessing malnutrition in RMDs. • Appetite loss, body fat, and overweight/obesity status are independent factors associated with malnutrition.

Indexed as

MalnutritionMusculoskeletal DiseasesRheumatic DiseasesAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGreeceHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedNutritional StatusNutrition AssessmentPrevalenceSeverity of Illness IndexInflammationMuscle atrophyRheumatoid arthritisSarcopeniaSystemic sclerosisWeight loss

Identifiers

PMID41254429

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.