ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
LGBQ+ Veteran and Service Member Health and Health Care: A Scoping Review of Research from 1994 to 2023.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other minoritized sexual orientations (LGBQ+) have served in the US military for generations. Despite well-documented health disparities between LGBQ+ and heterosexual individuals, research addressing the health of LGBQ+ veterans remains limited. This scoping review provides a map of the literature on LGBQ+ veteran health and health care from 1994 to 2023, identifying trends, gaps, and future directions.
methodsArticles were identified in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Articles had to be available in English, be empirical studies, and include LGBQ+ veterans or service members and health or health care. Of 716 articles coded for eligibility, 106 articles were included. Articles were double coded; data were extracted for generation of disparities research (i.e., 1st: identifying disparities, 2nd: understanding drivers of disparities, and 3rd: intervening to reduce disparities), health or health care topics, sample demographics, and study design and quality.
resultsThe first article was published in 1999, and the quantity of published articles increased over time. Nearly half of the articles were first generation (48.1%), 45.5% were second generation, and 3.8% were third generation. Most research focused on mental health (e.g., substance use, depression, suicidality), with limited attention to physical health. Twenty-two percent of articles included samples composed solely of LGBQ+ participants. Most articles included quantitative (82.1%), retrospective, and/or cross-sectional (93.4%) study designs. Quality ratings were highest among articles with qualitative (85.7%) and mixed methods (58.0%) and lowest for quantitative (31.0%) methods. DISCUSSION: Research on LGBQ+ veterans and service members is nascent but growing. Gaps remain in addressing physical health outcomes, utilizing advanced study designs, and integrating sexual orientation as a central focus. Future research should prioritize interventional studies, implementation strategies, and expanded efforts to include physical health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.