ArticleScientific reports2025
Streptomyces fungicidicus-derived secondary metabolites as an antiviral agent to alleviate zucchini yellow mosaic virus in squash.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) poses a significant threat to squash crops, causing severe symptoms and substantial yield losses. This study investigates the potential of Streptomyces fungicidicus as a biocontrol agent for managing ZYMV in squash plants by inducing systemic resistance. Approximately 95% of field-collected squash samples were positive for ZYMV, exhibiting chlorotic mottling, vein banding, and leaf distortion. The virus was isolated, purified, and confirmed through RT-PCR (Accession no. PV131044) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which displayed flexuous, filamentous particles typical of ZYMV. Among the isolated and tested Streptomyces spp., Streptomyces fungicidicus SF1-RSI2 (Accession no. PV489988) exhibited promising antiviral activity. GC-MS analysis of the SF1-RSI2 culture filtrate identified 35 bioactive compounds, with (-)-spathulenol being the most abundant (13.1%), followed by 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (9.24%) and triacetin (8.88%), suggesting a complex mixture of metabolites potentially contributing to the observed antiviral effects. Under greenhouse conditions, the foliar application of SF1-RSI2 culture filtrate, either as a pre-ZYMV-inoculation (protective) or post-ZYMV-inoculation (curative) treatment, enhanced plant growth, delayed symptom onset by up to 3 days, and reduced viral accumulation by up to 49.7% at 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) compared to untreated infected plants. The SF1-RSI2 applications significantly mitigated the detrimental effects of ZYMV on plant growth, chlorophyll content, and oxidative stress markers, such as H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA), while also notably increasing peroxidase enzyme activity and total phenolic content, indicating enhanced systemic resistance. Additionally, it influenced the transcriptional levels of defense-related genes, with protective treatment resulting in the highest expression levels of Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), Cinnamate-3-hydroxylase (C3H), and Chalcone synthase (CHS), which are essential for plant defense mechanisms. HPLC analysis revealed a substantial increase in polyphenolic compounds, particularly chlorogenic acid, in plants treated with SF1-RSI2, highlighting its role in strengthening plant defenses. The findings suggest that S. fungicidicus promotes plant growth and enhances defense mechanisms, presenting a viable biocontrol strategy for managing viral infections in squash.
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