Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41253986›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Examining the perceptions and permissions of reusing treated wastewater in a region facing water scarcity.

Hamza T Al-Rikabi, Salah L Zubaidi, Sandra Ortega-Martorell, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Nabeel Saleem Saad Al-Bdairi, Yousif Raad Muhsen, Khalid S Hashim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hamza T Al-RikabiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq.
Salah L ZubaidiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq. salahlafta@uowasit.edu.iq.
Sandra Ortega-MartorellData Science Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
Nadhir Al-AnsariDepartment of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 971 87, Sweden. nadhir.alansari@ltu.se.
Nabeel Saleem Saad Al-BdairiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq.
Yousif Raad MuhsenDepartment of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, 52001, Iraq.
Khalid S HashimEnvironmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al‑Hillah, 51001, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the public's perspective on the utilisation of reclaimed water in Al-Kut, Iraq. Accordingly, a survey consisting of multiple-choice questions was designed to gather demographic information and assess the participants' views and knowledge about water resources and wastewater reuse. The replies of 507 Iraqis, consisting of 326 males and 181 females, were analysed using a T, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square tests. The study's findings indicate that 90.6% of the people are conscious of the issue of water crisis problem, whereas the others 9.4% either deny its existence (6.6%) or are uncertain about it (2.8%). Based on the survey questions, a high percentage (about 41%) of respondents have no idea that there is a water crisis. Nevertheless, the majority (88%) of individuals are implementing strategies to preserve water and are open to incurring additional charges for the installation of centralised wastewater treatment plants in the area. Many individuals support the utilisation of reclaimed water for agricultural and industrial applications. The findings also indicated a statistically significant relationship between sex, income, and acceptance of wastewater reuse. Incentives for reusing treated wastewater and opposition against it were ranked by the respondents.

Indexed as

WastewaterWater PurificationAdultFemaleHumansIraqMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesWater SupplyYoung AdultWastewaterIraqPublic perceptionSDGsSurveySustainabilityWastewater reuse

Identifiers

PMID41253986
PMCPMC12627639

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.