ArticleScientific reports2025
Differences in immune function and cytokine levels among children in different age groups with severe community-acquired pneumonia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the prognostic value of admission IL-8 and sST2 as biomarkers of early myocardial injury in severe community-acquired pneumonia.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Microbial and immune determinants of disease severity and death in pediatric pneumonia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Immunopathogenesis of severe pneumonia in children with emphasis on CD4+ T cells, Tim-3 and cytokine-mediated immune dysregulation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Immune monitoring, immune phenotyping, and precision intervention in severe pneumonia: current evidence and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the variations in immune function and cytokine profiles among children with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) across different age groups, and to investigate the immunological factors contributing to the increased risk of severe illness and mortality in younger children. The study found that age-related trends in CD3 + T lymphocytes (%), CD4 + T lymphocytes (%), CD8 + T lymphocytes (%), CD4+/CD8 + T cell ratio, B cells (%), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and complement 3 (C3) in children with SCAP were similar to those observed in healthy children. However, the trends for natural killer(NK) cells (%) and complement 4(C4) in children with SCAP differed from those in healthy children. Additionally, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in children with SCAP showed no correlation with age, and no consistent age-related trend was observed in healthy children. Moreover, Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were negatively correlated with age in children with SCAP, while age-related trends for these cytokines in healthy children have not been documented. Overall, most of our findings align with existing data on healthy children. This study reveals that the age-related changes in immune function observed in healthy children closely resemble those seen in children with SCAP. This suggests that the age-dependent nature of immune function in children not only correlates with a higher incidence rate among younger populations but may also indicate that an earlier age of onset is associated with a greater likelihood of disease exacerbation. Furthermore, it was noted that the younger the age of onset, the higher the levels of IL-10 and IL-8 in peripheral blood.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.