Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41253777›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2025

Association between frailty and cognitive function: a pooled analysis of three ageing cohorts.

Xiangyu Zhang, Yacong Bo, Zeyang Li, Yi Xu, Jing Wang, Xiaoyu Wang, Huanhuan Zhang, Junxi Zhang, Jia Huang, Yuchang Tao and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Dynamic frailty exposure and cognitive aging trajectories: A multicohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xiangyu Zhang *Department of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Yacong Bo *College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Zeyang LiSchool of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Yi XuCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Jing WangCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Xiaoyu WangCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Huanhuan ZhangCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Junxi ZhangNHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
Jia HuangDepartment of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Yuchang TaoDepartment of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Zengli YuDepartment of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. zly@zzu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-0472
Hongyan LiuDepartment of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. liuhongyanqhhy@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-5814

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cross-sectional evidence suggested that frailty was an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, previous studies only focused on baseline frailty status, not taking into consideration the dynamic changes in frailty status during follow-up. This study aimed to investigate the associations between changes in frailty status and cognitive impairment. This study used data from three prospective cohorts: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Frailty status was evaluated by the frailty index and classified as robust, pre-frailty, or frailty. Cognitive function was assessed by memory, orientation and executive function. Linear mixed regression model was used to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between frailty statuses with cognitive impairment. A total of 49,864 participants with a mean of 2.70 follow-up times were included in the analysis. The median follow-up periods were 2.89 years in the CHARLS, 3.32 years in the ELSA, and 8.40 years in the HRS. Compared with robust participants, both pre-frailty and frailty were significantly associated with declined global cognitive function (beta -0.11, 95% CI: [-0.12, -0.09] for pre-frailty and beta -0.29 [95% CI: -0.30, -0.27] for frailty). Significant associations were also observed for memory (beta -0.27, 95% CI: [-0.29, -0.26] for frailty), orientation (beta -0.15 [95% CI: -0.17, -0.13] for frailty), and executive function (beta -0.21 [95% CI: -0.23, -0.19] for frailty). The subgroup analysis revealed that the CHARLS cohort had the greatest effect, and it was the main source of heterogeneity. Pre-frailty and frailty are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, highlighting the need for early assessment and monitoring of frailty in at-risk populations.

Indexed as

AgingCognitionCognitive DysfunctionFrail ElderlyFrailtyAgedAged, 80 and overChinaExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41253777
PMCPMC12627544

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.