ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2025
Exploring gender and ethnic disparities in sarcoidosis: insights from the British Thoracic Society UK Interstitial Lung Disease Registry.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiology and demographic trends of sarcoidosis in southern West Bank, Palestine: a retrospective study (2019-2024).BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Uncovering Sex and Gender Differences in Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionSex and ethnicity influence sarcoidosis internationally, but UK data are limited. We analysed the British Thoracic Society Interstitial Lung Disease Registry to assess whether gender or ethnic differences affect presentation and management of pulmonary sarcoidosis in the UK.
methodsA retrospective study included adults with confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis recorded between January 2013 and December 2024. Demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, investigations, radiology, treatment and Index of Multiple Deprivation were extracted. Group comparisons used χ², t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests; multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with immunosuppressive initiation.
resultsAmong 1071 patients, 55.5% were male; median age 54 years (SD 13). Ethnicity was documented in 918 (85.7%): 55.4% white, 14.2% non-white (black, South Asian, mixed).Gender: Women presented older than men (56 vs 52 years; p=0.002) and reported more fatigue, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and prior tuberculosis. Men had more lymphopenia, elevated ACE and arrhythmia. Lung function and CT patterns were similar, but methotrexate use was higher in men (4.9% vs 2.3%; p=0.017).Non-white patients presented younger (52 vs 54 years; p<0.001) with greater symptom burden (breathlessness 46% vs 33%; cough 44% vs 27%) and more comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, tuberculosis). Physiology was comparable, but CT nodularity (54% vs 36%) and abnormal liver tests (16% vs 9%) were more frequent, and mycophenolate was prescribed more often (3.7% vs 0.3%; p=0.036).In multivariable analysis, male sex (OR 2.34), non-white ethnicity (OR 3.20), breathlessness (OR 2.05) and lower forced vital capacity (OR 0.97 per % predicted) were independently associated with immunosuppressive treatment (all p≤0.031).
conclusionsIn this UK cohort, treatment decisions were more influenced by sex and ethnicity than by lung function or imaging. Male and non-white patients received immunosuppression more frequently, suggesting possible biological, socioeconomic or practice-related differences.
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