Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41252037›Full record

ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2026

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Conduct Problems: A Short Review of the Current Literature.

Maria Tsouka, Sotiria Neratzi, Alexandra Golfaki, Eleni Panagouli, Panagiotis Christopoulos, Theodoros N Sergentanis, Artemis Tsitsika

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maria TsoukaStrategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health, Second Department of Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Sotiria NeratziStrategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health, Second Department of Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Alexandra GolfakiStrategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health, Second Department of Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Eleni PanagouliStrategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health, Second Department of Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Panagiotis ChristopoulosSecond Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, 'Aretaieion' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Theodoros N SergentanisDepartment of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
Artemis TsitsikaStrategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health, Second Department of Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. info@youth-health.gr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsSeveral studies have indicated an association between smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing disorders, Conduct Disorder (CD), and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD); however, it is uncertain whether this relationship is causal. We conducted a narrative review to determine if the literature supports a causal role of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring externalizing disorders diagnosis.

methodsArticles were sought in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus bibliographical databases (end-of-search date: February 2, 2024). We included any study that investigated maternal smoking during pregnancy and CD and/or ODD. Participants in the included studies were mothers and their offspring.

resultsThe majority of studies supported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CD. Studies on ODD reported inconsistent findings, and no strong conclusions on causality could be made.

conclusionsFurther studies are needed to evaluate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy, CD, and ODD. The direct effects and those mediated by factors coexisting with maternal smoking remain to be elucidated.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersConduct DisorderPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsSmokingFemaleHumansPregnancyRisk FactorsConduct disorderNicotineOppositional defiant disorderSmoking

Identifiers

PMID41252037

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.