Delayed Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adolescent Boys.

Georgia Pardalou, Eleni Panagouli, Efthalia Tzila, Artemis Tsitsika

Abstract readSystematic Review

In one paragraph

Synthesis in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Georgia PardalouSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Eleni PanagouliSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Efthalia TzilaSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Artemis TsitsikaSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. info@youth-health.gr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an exceptionally crucial and sensitive topic in the field of mental health. Despite the importance of early diagnosis, there is often a delay in recognizing autism, especially in the particularly sensitive age group of adolescent boys. The main consequences of this delay are a lack of support, incorrect pharmacological treatment, psychological bullying, family strain, decline in social interaction, and reinforcement of ASD traits. This systematic literature review aims to study the phenomenon of delayed diagnosis of autism in boys during adolescence or young adulthood.

methodsEligible studies were extracted from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases up to August 30, 2023. The participants included only boys, adolescents aged 10-18 years.

resultsA total of 14 eligible studies and 5.185 participants were included. The primary reasons for delayed ASD diagnosis concerned prior misdiagnosis, comorbidities, social stigma, socio-economic factors, lack of specialized education and parental awareness, diagnostic reclassification, and absence of ASD characteristics.

conclusionsSubstantial delays are recorded between the initial concern and the final assessment of boys, resulting in diagnoses occurring during adolescence or adulthood.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderDelayed DiagnosisAdolescentChildHumansMaleSocial StigmaAdolescentsASDAutism spectrum disorderBoysDelayed diagnosisMalesΥoung adults

Identifiers

PMID41252018

DOI10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.003

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.