Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41251345›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2025

Increased pathogenicity and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.9 subvariants, including HK.3 and EG.5.1, relative to BA.2.

Qiushi Jin, Ruixue Liu, Wenqi Wang, Jichen Xie, Fang Yan, Tiecheng Wang, Haiyang Xiang, Xianzhu Xia, Jianmin Li, Xuefeng Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qiushi Jin *Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.ORCID 0009-0000-5896-2788
Ruixue Liu *Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9478-5993
Wenqi Wang *Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
Jichen Xie *State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Jiangsu Laboratory Animal Center, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cell Biology, Animal Core facility, Key Laboratory of Model Animal, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Fang YanChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.ORCID 0009-0000-3203-1301
Tiecheng WangChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
Haiyang XiangChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
Xianzhu XiaChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
Jianmin LiState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Jiangsu Laboratory Animal Center, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cell Biology, Animal Core facility, Key Laboratory of Model Animal, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Xuefeng WangChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3974-3421
Yuwei GaoChangchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFC2302405National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFF0702500National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC0871100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.9 subvariants circulating worldwide, two XBB.1.9 variants, EG.5.1 and HK.3, spread rapidly and became dominant in mid-2023. However, the spike features, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of HK.3 are largely unknown. Here, we performed multiscale investigations to reveal the virological features of XBB.1.9 subvariants, including the newly emerging HK.3. HK.3 revealed high replication efficiency and enhanced TMPRSS2 utilization

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2AnimalsCricetinaeHumansMesocricetusSerine EndopeptidasesSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVirulenceVirus ReplicationACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Serine EndopeptidasesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2TMPRSS2 protein, humanHK.3OmicronSARS-CoV-2transmissionXBB.1.9

Identifiers

PMID41251345
PMCPMC12724380

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.