ArticleBiology open2025
Microtubule dependent changes in cell polarity are required for mammary epithelial cell migration and branching morphogenesis.
Article in Biology open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis requires dramatic changes in cell polarity, proliferation, migration, and actin dynamics to elaborate tubular networks. However, little is known about how microtubules support these cell behaviors in 3D tissues. Using organotypic cultures, we first examined the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Simple luminal epithelial cells exhibited non-centrosomal, apico-basally oriented microtubule arrays, while stratified luminal cells had centrosomally radiating microtubules. During collective migration, luminal cells adopted an ameboid-like organization with a rear-facing nuclear-centrosomal axis. Multiple staining approaches suggest that cells in the basal-most luminal cell layer had more stable microtubules than cells deeper within the stratified layer. Finally, we tested the requirement for microtubules using pharmacologic inhibitors. Both microtubule stabilization and destabilization prevented bud formation and arrested duct elongation. Cell tracking analysis demonstrated that microtubules coordinated luminal cell migration within elongating buds. Destabilizing microtubules reduced cell directionality, while stabilizing microtubules did not affect directionality but reduced cell motility. Our data reveal that microtubules are essential for collective migration of luminal cells and for mammary branching morphogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.