Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41251189›Full record

ArticleJournal of the science of food and agriculture2026

Comparison of simulated gastrointestinal digestion platforms with varying complexity and sample mass requirements, using common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a model.

Tayah M Bolt, Margaret Riggs, Weiyi Sun, Shu Yu, Larry Lerno, Li Tian, Paul Gepts, Antonia Palkovic, Travis A Parker, Gail M Bornhorst and 1 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Tayah M BoltDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4164-2436
Margaret RiggsDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Weiyi SunDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Shu YuDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Larry LernoFood Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Li TianDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Paul GeptsDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Antonia PalkovicDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Travis A ParkerDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Gail M BornhorstDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Christine H DiepenbrockDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Funding

Clif Bar Family FoundationLundberg Family FarmsUSDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Organic Agriculture Research & Extension Initiative, Grant no. 2015-51300-24157/Project Accession no. 1007379USDA-Western SARE, Award no. 2016-38640-25383, Subaward no. 200592-448/Project no. GW18-062U.S. Department of Agriculture Pulse Crop Health Initiative, Agreement No. 58-3060-1-036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMeasuring bioaccessible nutrient levels during digestion in a physiologically relevant (dynamic) manner is a bottleneck in plant breeding and food product development. The first aim of this study was to develop and compare four simulated gastric digestion models paired with a static small-intestinal phase for use with small sample masses. The four gastric models tested included three dynamic models, which emulate peristaltic contractions with or without additional emulation of enzymatic secretion and flow of food, and one static model. The second aim was to examine bioaccessible nutrient levels in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) samples representing four genotype by growing environment combinations with differing seed coat coloration, patterning, and phenolic profiles.

resultsWhile the highest bioaccessible nutrient levels (starch and protein hydrolysis, total phenolics, and antioxidant power) were observed from more complex dynamic digestion models, even simple dynamic models showed higher values for these traits than a static digestion model. The use of in vitro models varying in complexity provided insight into nutrient bioaccessibility; for example, differences were observed during digestion between genotypes for protein hydrolysis and between environments for both total phenolics and protein hydrolysis, even in a higher-throughput digestion model.

conclusionSmaller-scale dynamic models show promise as higher-throughput dynamic digestion platforms. These results inform the application of simulated digestion models to assay bioaccessible nutrient levels in plant-based foods. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal TractPhaseolusAntioxidantsDigestionGenotypeHumansModels, BiologicalPhenolsPlant ProteinsSeedsStarchAntioxidantsPhenolsPlant ProteinsStarchbioaccessibilitycommon beanphenolicsprotein hydrolysissimulated dynamic digestionstarch hydrolysis

Identifiers

PMID41251189
PMCPMC12872248

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.