Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41250925›Full record

ArticleEpilepsia open2026

"Epileptic seizure code in the region of Madrid": A process-based healthcare network for the acute management of epileptic seizures.

Irene García Morales, José M Serratosa Fernández, Antonio Gil-Nagel Rein, Navid Behzadi Koochani, Cesáreo Fernández Alonso, Esther Aleo Luján, Adrián García Ron, Alfonso Martín Martínez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epilepsia open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Irene García MoralesNeurology Department, Epilepsy Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1270-3999
José M Serratosa FernándezDepartment of Neurology and Laboratory of Neurology, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2239-8948
Antonio Gil-Nagel ReinNeurology Department, Epilepsy Unit, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4515-0793
Navid Behzadi KoochaniExtra-Hospital Emergency Department, Community of Madrid, SUMMA 112, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3817-2783
Cesáreo Fernández AlonsoGeriatric Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2152-4001
Esther Aleo LujánHospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0333-6242
Adrián García RonPediatric Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0049-0778
Alfonso Martín MartínezDepartment of Emergency Medicine, 12 de Octubre University Hospital and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3874-7401

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The principle "time is brain" applies to epileptic seizures as well as stroke. Despite existing guidelines, delays in treatment initiation remain common. In 2020, we developed a consensus statement aiming to improve the acute management of emergency seizures and implement a "Seizure Code" (SC) in Madrid, Spain. A multidisciplinary group of 105 professionals from 27 hospitals across the Madrid regional health service collaborated to design a structured healthcare process for emergency seizure care. This included seven key subprocesses: pre-hospital care, SC activation, emergency department management, hospital ward care, referral to specialized centers, intensive care units (ICUs) treatment, and discharge planning with follow-up. Three additional cross-cutting areas-training, research, and quality control-were included to ensure continuous improvement. Ten coordinators oversaw protocol development and standardization. The plan emphasized education for families and caregivers, standardized transfer pathways, and unified pre- and in-hospital treatment across all ages. Implementation began in November 2021, with official approval in August 2022. The SC protocol was formally launched on November 15, 2023. Over 200 patients meeting SC criteria have since been registered and monitored. The coordinated effort has led to the region-wide implementation of the SC. The next step is to evaluate its impact on emergency seizure management and patient outcomes. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Although time is crucial in epilepsy management, there are still gaps in care that lead to delays in treating these patients. To improve this, we have developed a Process-Based Healthcare Network for the acute management of epileptic seizures, which includes the implementation of a SC. Our goal is to better organize care across different levels of the healthcare system, facilitate therapeutic decision-making, and improve response times and patient outcomes. Here, we present the development and implementation of this care pathway designed to enhance coordination and efficiency in the management of urgent epileptic seizures.

Indexed as

Emergency Medical ServicesEpilepsySeizuresEmergency Service, HospitalHumansIntensive Care UnitsSpainacute treatmentepilepsypre‐hospital and hospitalseizureseizure codeurgent care

Identifiers

PMID41250925
PMCPMC12903792

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.