Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41250252›Full record

ArticleCardio-oncology (London, England)2025

Real-world analysis of cardiovascular adverse events and risk factors after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Yanfei Wang, Shu Niu, Bently P Doonan, Avirup Guha, Michael Fradley, Yonghui Wu, Steven M Smith, Yan Gong, Qianqian Song

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardio-oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yanfei WangDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Shu NiuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Bently P DoonanDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Avirup GuhaCardio-Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Michael FradleyDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yonghui WuDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Steven M SmithDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Yan GongPharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Qianqian SongDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. qsong1@ufl.edu.

Funding

Multi-modal insights of spatially distributed cells with associations of diseases and drug responseR35GM151089 · NIGMS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Qianqian Song · 2023 to 2026
$1.2M
National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health R35GM151089NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM151089
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, offering significant survival benefits across diverse malignancies. However, growing evidence suggest an increased occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) following ICI, which remain poorly characterized in large, real-world populations.

objectivesTo quantify the incidence and spectrum of CVAEs following ICI initiation and identify demographic, clinical, and treatment-related risk factors for CVAE development.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from the OneFlorida + Clinical Research Network. Adult cancer patients (≥ 18 years) with cancer who started FDA-approved ICIs between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, were included. Eligible patients had either ≥ 1 inpatient or ≥ 2 outpatient encounters after. The primary outcome was new-onset CVAE within one year. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and multivariable Cox regression evaluated associations with risk factors.

resultsAmong 9,541 patients initiating ICIs, 2,320 (24.3%) developed a CVAE within one year, with arrhythmia (15.7%), heart failure (5.2%), and stroke (4.1%) being the most common. Cardiometabolic comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity) were independently associated with increased CVAE risk. CVAE incidence varied significantly by cancer type, with highest risk observed in breast, liver, and lung cancers compared to melanoma. Triple checkpoint blockade (CTLA-4 + PD-(L)1 + LAG-3) conferred a modest but significant increase in CVAE risk.

conclusionCVAEs occurred frequently after ICI initiation, with substantial variation by cancer type, comorbidities, and treatment regimen. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular risk assessment and monitoring to optimize outcomes in immuno-oncology.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular adverse eventsCox regression modelImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)OneFlorida + Clinical research networkRetrospective cohort study

Identifiers

PMID41250252
PMCPMC12625557

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.