Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41250186›Full record

ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2025

In the United States, cosmetic stature lengthening is ethically acceptable.

Robert S Dean, Tanner J Hafen, Vivek Nair, Kevin X Farley, E Graham Englert, Niket Todi, James Feng, Paul Fortin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Robert S DeanCorewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA. Robertsdeanmd@gmail.com.
Tanner J HafenHouston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Vivek NairCorewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
Kevin X FarleyCorewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
E Graham EnglertUniversity of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salet Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
Niket TodiPenn State Health, 2494 Bernville Rd Suite 200, Reading, PA, 19605, USA.
James FengCorewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
Paul FortinCorewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCosmetic stature lengthening has unique ethical and safety considerations. This study sought to evaluate the general population's perception of cosmetic stature lengthening and to determine what factors influence these perceptions.

methodsA cross-sectional survey study was performed utilizing a 40-question survey distributed through an online marketplace. After collecting baseline demographics, participants were queried on previous experience with cosmetic surgery, ethical opinions on cosmetic surgery, ethical opinions on stature lengthening and personal interest in stature lengthening surgery.

resultsThere were 496 participants, 273(55%) males with an average age of 43.7(21-78) years. 63% of participants believed that stature lengthening is ethically acceptable, and 70% thought cosmetic stature lengthening is ethically equivalent to conventional cosmetic surgery. 7% of participants stated that they would consider getting cosmetic stature lengthening. Those that were open to conventional cosmetic surgical procedures were more likely to consider cosmetic stature lengthening(P < 0.01), regardless of if expenses were out of pocket(P = 0.03) or covered by insurance(P < 0.01). Regression analysis demonstrated no correlation for willingness to undergo limb lengthening and subjective beliefs about personal height. However, when this same analysis was assessed based upon their objective, numerical height, shorter people were more willing to get cosmetic limb lengthening.

conclusionThe primary findings of this study were that a majority of the population believes cosmetic stature lengthening is ethically acceptable, while only 7% of the population would personally consider undergoing cosmetic stature lengthening. Objective participant height was found to be significantly related to interest in undergoing cosmetic stature lengthening. While these findings provide unique insights into the general populations' perceptions of stature lengthening, further studies should focus on identifying factors contributing to the opposition against stature lengthening. It is important to further elucidate the prospective patient's understanding of the significant commitment required to have a successful stature lengthening experience. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Indexed as

Body HeightBone LengtheningAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41250186
PMCPMC12625731

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.